Introduction Water is unevenly distributed across the world, and approximately 71% of the surface of the Earth is covered by water, which is why the planet is often described as…
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology has transformed multiple sectors by enabling control of matter in the 1–100 nm range, where size-dependent properties yield unique optical, electronic, magnetic, and catalytic behaviours. Conventional nanoparticle synthesis…
INTRODUCTION Malaria is a life-threatening infectious parasitic disease transmitted during blood meal to humans by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Five species of Plasmodia namely; Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium…
1. Introduction Stress-related disorders and metabolic diseases have become major public health challenges worldwide. Modern lifestyles characterized by unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation, environmental pollution, and psychological stress…
1.0 Introduction Hospital wastewater is increasingly recognised as one of the most important environmental reservoirs of chemical and biological contaminants because it receives effluents from diverse healthcare activities, including patient…
1.0. Introduction The increasing demand for pigments in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, textile, and biomedical industries has intensified the search for safer and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pigments. Synthetic pigments…
Introduction Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, commonly known as bael or Bengal quince, is a medicinally and economically important species belonging to the family Rutaceae. It is native to the Indian…
Introduction Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic disorders, including diabetes…
Introduction Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in the bloodstream. It is commonly referred to as hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipoproteinemia and represents a major…
1. Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious global public health threats of the twenty-first century. The extensive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antifungal…