1. Introduction The rapid growth in global plastic production over the past several decades has transformed modern society, enabling advancements in packaging, construction, transportation, healthcare, and consumer goods. However, the durability and resistance to degradation that make plastics so useful have also created severe environmental challenges. It is estimated that millions of tons of plastic …
1. INTRODUCTION Stored grain products, particularly those of economic significance such as rice, wheat, and corn, are highly susceptible to insect infestation, leading to substantial post-harvest losses worldwide. Among the various pests that infest stored grains, Sitophilus oryzae (the rice weevil) stands out as one of the most destructive [1]. This insect species is responsible …
1. INTRODUCTION Tomato is the most popular vegetable growing at different parts of the world, but it is sensitive to soil water deficit [32]. Therefore, use of suitable irrigation systems and maintaining optimum soil moisture conditions are crucial to get a higher return and water productivity for tomato production in open field conditions. Tomato yield …
Introduction The biological, social, and economic aspects of womanhood are intricate, and contemporary women—particularly mothers—must balance the demands of paid work with their disproportionate caring duties [1]. Even though work might improve psychological health and autonomy, women are nevertheless more vulnerable to chronic illnesses, anemia, and hunger. One of the most common health issues is …
Introduction Infectious diseases remain a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Unsafe or poor WASH conditions account for approximately 1.4 million deaths and 74 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) annually, with the burden disproportionately affecting children under five years of age [1, 2]. Diarrhoeal diseases …
Introduction: Since the beginning of humanlife, thehypothesis of “drug”is people have utilisedmany plant species for curative causes. According to the WHO survey 80% of the peoplesbe located in developing countries depend onentirely on traditional remedies for their healthcarerequirements. Now a day, herbal medications are famed back into resources because potency of traditional medicines i.e. antibiotics, …
The cochineal scale insect Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) is one of the most significant invasive pests, causing substantial economic damage to the Cactaceae family, particularly the prickly pear genus, in various regions of the world [33]. The Cactaceae family is adapted to dry and harsh environments, characterized by high temperatures and low-fertility soils. Prickly pear …
1. Introduction: Randomness and the Mechanistic Model in Evolution In the neo-Darwinian framework of evolutionary biology, mutation is understood as a blind, spontaneous error in DNA replication, statistically distributed and independent of environmental needs or organismic function [1]. This perception reflects a broader mechanistic paradigm that separates the internal processes of the organism from its …
IntroductionThe FAO chose to help program CROPWAT 8.0 to process reference evapotranspiration (ET0), crop water requirements (CWR), water system booking, and water system water necessities (IR) utilizing precipitation, soil, yield, and environment information [13;14; 36]. Water is essential for both national growth in agricultural productivity and economic performance. However, it is transforming into increasingly scarce due to rising demand in agriculture and industry. Given that Crop …
1.INTRODUCTION Heavy metal contamination in food products has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. The ingestion of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic can lead to severe health issues, including neurological disorders, kidney damage, and increased cancer risk [6]. While the presence of heavy …
