Ecological Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Tympanotonus fuscatus in Iko River Basin
Introduction The mangrove periwinkle, scientifically known as Tympanotonusfuscatus, is a critical component of estuarine ecosystems. These small gastropod mollusks play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance by participating in nutrient cycling and serving as a food source for various organisms. However, the contamination of T.fuscatus by heavy metals poses a significant threat to both …