Abstract:

This study aims to describe and understand the importance and methods of controlling the cochineal scale insect Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896), which has recently spread to most countries in the Mediterranean Basin and North Africa, as well as its original habitats in Mexico and North America. The insect attacks approximately 16 species of cacti, particularly the prickly pearOpuntia ficus-indica. Females and nymphs feed on the sap of the plant’s stems and branches, causing the stems to dry out and die in severe cases, while males cause little damage. D. opuntiae protects itself with a waxy, cotton-like membrane and the secretion of carminic acid (carmine dye). Despite the damage caused by the insect, it is possible to benefit from the carminic acid it secretes, which has antioxidant properties and is used in various medical, food, and commercial applications. Cochineal pest is typically controlled through several methods, including mechanical, biological, and chemical approaches.